Battle of Tolentino in the Neapolitan War

Battle of Tolentino in the Neapolitan War Battle of Tolentino-Conflict: The Battle of Tolentino was the key engagement of the 1815 Neapolitan War. Battle of Tolentino -Date: Murat fought the Austrians on May 2-3, 1815. Armies Commanders: Naples Joachim Murat, King of Naples25,588 men58 guns Austria General Frederick BianchiGeneral Adam Albert von Neipperg11,938 men28 guns Battle of Tolentino - Background: In 1808, Marshal Joachim Murat was appointed to the throne of Naples by Napoleon Bonaparte. Ruling from afar as he participated in Napoleons campaigns, Murat deserted the emperor after the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813. Desperate to save his throne, Murat entered into negotiations with the Austrians and concluded a treaty with them in January 1814. Despite Napoleons defeat and the treaty with the Austrians, Murats position became increasingly precarious after the Congress of Vienna convened. This was largely due to increasing support to return the former King Ferdinand IV. Battle of Tolentino - Backing Napoleon: With this in mind, Murat elected to support Napoleon upon his return to France in early 1815. Moving quickly, he raised the Kingdom of Naples army and declared war on Austria on March 15. Advancing north, he won a series of victories over the Austrians and laid siege to Ferrara. On April 8-9, Murat was beaten at Occhiobello and forced to fall back. Retreating, he ended the siege of Ferrara and reconcentrated his forces at Ancona. Believing the situation to be in hand, the Austrian commander in Italy, Baron Frimont, sent two corps south to finish off Murat. Battle of Tolentino -The Austrians Advance: Led by Generals Frederick Bianchi and Adam Albert von Neipperg the Austrian corps marched towards Ancona, with the former moving through Foligno with the goal of getting in Murats rear. Sensing the danger, Murat sought to defeat Bianchi and Neipperg separately before they could unify their forces. Sending a blocking force under General Michele Carascosa to stall Neipperg, Murat took the main body of his army to engage Bianchi near Tolentino. His plan was thwarted on April 29 when a unit of Hungarian hussars captured the town. Recognizing what Murat was trying to accomplish, Bianchi began to delay the battle. Battle of Tolentino -Murat Attacks: Establishing a strong defensive line anchored on the Tower of San Catervo, Rancia Castle, the Church of Maest, and Saint Joseph, Bianchi awaited Murats attack. With time running out, Murat was forced to make to first move on May 2. Opening fire on Bianchis position with artillery, Murat was achieved a minor element of surprise. Attacking near Sforzacosta, his men briefly captured Bianchi necessitating his rescue by Austrian hussars. Concentrating his army near Pollenza, Murat repeatedly attacked the Austrian positions near Rancia Castle. Battle of Tolentino -Murat Retreats: The fighting raged throughout the day and did not die out until after midnight. Though his men failed to take and hold the castle, Murats troops had gotten the better of the days fight. As the sun rose on May 3, a heavy fog delayed action until around 7:00 AM. Pressing forward, the Neapolitans finally captured the castle and the Cantagallo hills, as well as forced the Austrians back into the Chienti Valley. Seeking to exploit this momentum, Murat pushed forward two divisions on his right flank. Anticipating a counterattack by the Austrian cavalry, these divisions advanced in square formations. As they neared the enemy lines, no cavalry emerged and the Austrian infantry unleashed a devastating barrage of musket fire on the Neapolitans. Beaten, the two divisions began falling back. This setback was made worse by the failure of a supporting attack on the left. With the battle still undecided, Murat was informed that Carascosa had been defeated at Scapezzano and that Neippergs corps was approaching. This was compounded by rumors that a Sicilian army was landing in southern Italy. Assessing the situation, Murat began breaking off the action and withdrawing south towards Naples. Battle of Tolentino -Aftermath: In the fighting at Tolentino, Murat lost 1,120 killed, 600 wounded, and 2,400 captured. Worse, the battle effectively ended the Neapolitan armys existence as a cohesive fighting unit. Falling back in disarray, they were unable to stop of the Austrian advance through Italy. With the end in sight, Murat fled to Corsica. Austrian troops entered Naples on May 23 and Ferdinand was restored to the throne. Murat was later executed by the king after attempting an insurrection in Calabria with the goal of retaking the kingdom. The victory at Tolentino cost Bianchi around 700 killed and 100 wounded.

Cj490 Pre-Test Essay Example

Cj490 Pre Cj490 Pre-Test Essay Cj490 Pre-Test Essay The two pillars of social science are: (Points : 1) | Luck and logic. Observation and theory. Logic and observation. Theory and luck. | 2. Which is not a particularly useful thing to assess in designing a research project? (Points : 1) | How popular the research topic is. Whether the researcher has the ability to research the topic. Whether the researcher is interested in researching the topic. The resources that are available to the researcher. | 3. In the phrase â€Å"Colors: Red and Green,† which are variables and which are attributes? Points : 1) | All are variables and red and green are also attributes. Colors is a variable, and red and green are attributes. Red and Green are variables, and colors is an attribute. All are attributes, but Color is also a variable. | 4. Randomization is essential to eliminating bias in selecting control groups. (Points : 1) | True False | 5. Which of the following asks research subjects to recommend others to join the study? (Points : 1) | A purposive sample A probability sample A quota sample A snowball sample | 6. Which of the following is the best example of an open ended question? Points : 1) | Are you for or against capital punishment? Should there by longer jail sentences for gun-related crimes? Do police officers need better social skills to deal with the public? What are the major problems facing law enforcement officers today? | 7. Evaluation research refers to: (Points : 1) | A specific research method. A specific research purpose. A general research method. A general research purpose. | 8. Overgeneralization is assuming patterns without having observed enough similarities. (Points : 1) | True False | 9. In which example is the cat the independent variable? Points : 1) | The dog and the cat fell asleep side by side. The cat is smaller than the dog. The cat’s loud meowing woke up the dog. The dog’s loud bark frightened the cat. | 10. Validity concerns whether researchers have valid credentials. (Points : 1) | True False | 11. Relying on information previously gathered by others is known as a: (Points : 1) | A repeated analysis. Refined analysis. Secondary analysis. Substituted analysis. | 12. A description of exactly two variables is known as a: (Points : 1) | Bivariate analysis Multivariate analysis Nonvariate analysis Univariate analysis | 13. Experiments that lack random assignment of subjects are known as quasi-experiments. (Points : 1) | True False | 14. A Census Bureau report is an example of: (Points : 1) | Published statistics. Nonpublic agency records. New data collected by agency staff. Historical archives. | 15. Complete observers: (Points : 1) | Neither observe the process nor participate in it. Observe the process but do not participate in it. Observe the process and participate in it. Do not observe the process but participate in it. |